class: center, middle # Biomedical Instrumentations Eslam Adel email: `eslam.a.mahmoud@eng1.cu.edu.eg` --- class: top ## Medical Imaging * Visualize anatomy of an internal organs. * Visualize function of it. * Replaces the surgical intervention * Used for diagnostic purposes. --- ### XRay * Electromagnetic radiation * Projected on the object * Bones appears white and soft tissues in black. ---  --- ### Computed Tomography (CT) * CT is an enhanced version of XRay machine. * Generates a series of images * Construct a 3D model of the organ.  ---  --- ### Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) * Perfect in imaging soft tissue * Excite protons, record signal received, decode it to construct the image.  ---   --- ### Ultrasound * Sound wave sent through the body, received again after reflection * The received signal is decoded and image is reconstructed. * Ultrasound is used for imaging fetus, heart and liver. * Imaging bone structure is not applicable using ultrasound. ---   ---   --- ### Nuclear Medicine * Radioactive substances in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. * It is used to measure the functionality of the organs * Imaging how body react with this radioactive substances (Radio-tracers). ---  Large tumor in the liver. --- No Info about the anatomy here so in modern systems PET is combined with CT, where CT for anatomy and PET for physiology of the organ.  --- ## Measurement Devices * Measurement of vital signs like heart rate, temperature, pressure, Oxygen level in blood, ... etc. ### Patient Monitor  There also separate device for measuring ECG only, Blood pressure only and so on. --- ## Life Support Devices * Ventilator Help people who are not able to breathe or breathe insufficiently.  --- There are different modes of ventilation for example 1. Assist mode : Person initiate the breathe 2. Mandatory ventilation : No initiation 3. CPAP : For increasing Oxygen in alveoli. And more. --- ### Incubator * Neonatal intensive care unit. * Insure ideal environment, controlling temperature, humidity, ... etc.  --- ## DC Shock / Defibrillator To prevent heart arythmia.  --- --- ## Treatment Devices * Hemodialysis  ---  --- ### Radiotherapy Linear accelerator (linac) Cancer treatment. Killing cancer cells using radiation.  ---